Get the latest cannabinoid news, Information on noteworthy scientific research, important clinical developments, and other helpful resources.

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GLOSSARY

Title	Content
Agriculture Act of 2014	Known as the "Farm Bill,", this was signed by President Obama on February 7, 2014. Section 7606 highlights the "Legitimacy of Industrial Hemp Research," authorizing industrail hemp (Cannabis plants containing 0.3% or less THC by weight) to be used in research and pilot programs by institutions of higher education or State⁶ Vitamins Amino Acids Metabolites Substances to increase total dietary intake Minerals Concentrates Herbs or Other Botanicals
Cannbinoids	2
Cannabis	3
Cannabis Oil*	4
Cannabis Sativa L.	5
CBD Oil/Hemp CBD Oil	6
CBD-Rich Extracts*	7
DEA-Drug Scheduling	8
Dietary Supplement	9
Endocannabinoids	10
Endocannabinoids Receptors	11
Endocannabinoids Systems	12
Entourage Effect*	13
FDA-Approved Formulation of CBD*	14
FDA-Approved Medication	15
Hemp	16
Hemp Oil*/Hempseed Oil	17
Marijuana	18
Medical Marijuana (MM)*	19
Nutraceutical*	20
Phytocannabinoids	21
Recreational Marijuana (RM)*	22
Synthetic Cannabinoids	23
Terpenes/Terpenoids	24
Whole Plant	25

GLOSSARY

References

Cannabis sativa L. is a genius jof flowering plants in the Cannabaceae family¹

It has been used therapeutically for thousands of years, while also being notorious for its "high"-inducing psychotrapic effects.² But now with the discovery of cannabinoids, we are able to better understand the cause of these effects.

Let's begin by breaking down these cannabinoids into 3 main classes: endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids.

Endocannabinoids

Endocannabinoids are chemicals produced inside of your body that attach to the same receptors as some phytocannabinoids.³ The most well-known endocannabinoid receptors are the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) and the Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2).⁴ Endocannabinoid chemicals help maintain balance and harmony in a healthy body.⁵

Phytocannabinoids

Phyto-, meaning plant, cannabinoids are chemicals found in and extracted from the cannabis plant. The cannabis plant contains over 100 known phytocannabinoids. The highest percentage of phytocannabinoids are found in the unseeded flower buds of female plants.

THC and CBD are the most widely studied phytocannabinoids. EPIDIOLEX is the only FDA-approved phytocannabinoid product, CBD oral Solution, which is approved for the treatment of seizures associated with rare epilepsies.^6,7

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Synthetic cannabinoids are chemicals made in a laboratory to mimic phytocannabinoids, which are chemicals found naturally in the cannabis plant. There are 3 FDA-approved synthetic cannabinoid products available by prescription: Marinol, Syndros, and Cesamet.^13-15 These mimic the phytocannabinoid THC.

There are many illegal cannabinoid products that are sold online and in stores. Some of these illegal products have caused illnesses and deaths.¹⁶

Test your knowledge

THC and CBD are 2 different cannabinoids that both cause the high that is commonly associated with marijuana.^23-25

That is common misconception.

Actually, CBD is a cannabinoid lacking euphoric side effects.^2,6

Find Out More

You're right!

CBD is a cannabinoid lacking euphoric side effects.^2,6

Find Out More

References

1. Grotenherman F. Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoids. 2006;1(1):10-14.
2. Pertwee RG. Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years. Brit J Pharmacol. 2006;147(Suppl 1):S163-S171.
3. Ramer R, Schwarz R, Hinz B. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system as a potential anticancer strategy. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1-17.
4. Zou S, Kumar U. Cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system: signaling and function in the central nervous system. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(3):1-23.
5. Maccarrone M, Bab I, Biro T, et al. Endocannabinoid signaling at the periphery: 50 years after THC. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2015;36(5):277-296.
6. EPIDIOLEX [package insert]. Carlsbad, CA: Greenwich Biosciences, Inc.; 2018.
7. FDA News Release: FDA approves first drug comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-drug-comprised-active-ingredient-derived-marijuana-treat-rare-severe-forms. Accessed August 20, 2019.
8. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Marketing Service. https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/2018FarmBill.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2019.
9. Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AVW, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ. Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015;12(4):699-730.
10. Bonn-Miller MO, Loflin MJE, Thomas BF, Marcu JP, Hyke T, Vandrey R. Labeling accuracy of cannabidiol extracts sold online. JAMA. 2017;318(17):1708-1709.
11. Vandrey R, Raber JC, Raber ME, et al. Cannabinoid dose and label accuracy in edible medical cannabis products. JAMA. 2015;313(24):2491-2493.
12. FDA Warning Letters and Test Results for Cannabidiol-Related Products 2015 to 2019. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/warning-letters-and-test-results-cannabidiol-related-products. Accessed August 20, 2019.
13. Marinol [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: AbbVie Inc; 2017.
14. Cesamet [package insert]. Somerset, NJ: Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc; 2015.
15. Syndros [package insert]. Chandler, AZ: Insys Therapeutics, Inc; 2017.
16. Ruthirakuhan M, Herrmann N, Gallagher D, et al. Investigating the safety and efficacy of nabilone for the treatment of agitation in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease: study protocol for a cross-over randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2019;15:1-7.
17. Peball M, Werkmann M, Ellmerer P, et al. Nabilone for non‑motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: a randomized placebo‑controlled, double‑blind, parallel‑group, enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal study (The NMS‑Nab Study). J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2019;126(8):1061-1072.
18. Mascal M, Hafezi N, Wang D, et al. Synthetic, non-intoxicating 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol for the mitigation of seizures. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1-6.
19. National Institutes of Health. Search results: synthetic cannabinoids. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04001010. Accessed August 20, 2019.
20. National Institutes of Health. Search results: dronabinol. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results. Accessed August 20, 2019.
21. National Institutes of Health. Search results: nabilone. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results. Accessed August 20, 2019.

Get the latest cannabinoid news, Information on noteworthy scientific research, important clinical developments, and other helpful resources.

GLOSSARY

Cannabis sativa L. is a genius jof flowering plants in the Cannabaceae family1

Endocannabinoids

Phytocannabinoids

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Test your knowledge

That is common misconception.

You're right!

References

Cannabis sativa L. is a genius jof flowering plants in the Cannabaceae family¹